Method

How Echo turns short calls into safer shifts

Nowcast human-factor risk. De-escalate conflict and fatigue before incidents. Prove psychosocial control with board-ready evidence.

Every minute of unclosed risk increases incident odds. Echo cuts that exposure by turning signals into controls fast.

At a glance

Voice conversations

Dynamic, personalised agents run 90-second conversations (longer when needed) to surface what surveys miss. Agents probe, ask why, and follow up until the underlying issue is clear.

Echo weaves well-established engagement items into conversation, e.g. “Do you have the tools and training to do your job?”, “Do you have a best friend at work?”, “Does your supervisor care about you as a person?”

Voice analysis

Prosody, timing and other markers are analysed for deviations from a worker’s typical pattern that correlate with fatigue, distraction and mood shifts.

Markers derive from acoustics, not content surveillance. Privacy

Psychometrics

Echo gradually builds a BFI-2 profile by weaving short items into conversations. The result is a stable signal with predictive value for safety behaviour, communication style and stress response.

Perceptual Control Theory

From conversational context psychometric profiling Echo infers a hierarchy of goals. This causal model predicts behavioural loops and designs interventions that reduce error, conflict or risk fastest.

Peer graph

Personality fit and interaction history predict interpersonal friction and breakdowns inside crews. Echo nudges and micro-coaches to improve coordination and de-escalate conflict.

Ground truth

Job performance, red-flags, incidents and audit outcomes update the models, improving calibration and reducing false positives over time.

90-second phone calls > web surveys

Short, scheduled calls with SMS/WhatsApp nudges reach more frontline workers, get higher completion, and produce signals you can act on.

From data to action

Phone/IVR outreach changes behaviour in randomized trials—e.g., medication adherence, health metrics. Brief voice touchpoints can trigger action, not just measurement.

Tsoli et al., BMJ Open, 2018 · Diabetes Care RCT

Why calls win

  • Higher completion than web-only. Meta-analyses show web surveys underperform other modes by ~11–12 percentage points. Mixed-mode that includes phone does better.
  • Better inclusion. Calls bypass reading burden. Adult literacy gaps are widespread in Australia; design must not assume high reading proficiency.
  • Nudges that lift follow-through. Text reminders can improve questionnaire return or speed in several trials, though effects are context-dependent.
  • From data to action. Phone/IVR outreach changes behaviour in randomized trials and reviews (e.g., adherence). Brief voice touchpoints can trigger action, not just measurement.
  • Resilience when surveys struggle. Official agencies report declining response rates and are redesigning methods. Phone contact remains a key part of practical mixed-mode strategies.

How we run them

  • 90-second calls at known safe times.
  • SMS/WhatsApp for scheduling and follow-ups.
  • Immediate routing of signals to fixes and escalation paths.
  • Privacy by design: cohort analytics to managers; named data only by consent.
  • Evidence pack: coverage, time-to-resolution, and audit trail.
Full references
  • Daikeler J, Bošnjak M, Lozar Manfreda K. Web surveys yield ~11 pp lower response vs other modes. J Survey Stat Methodol. 2019/2020. OUP Academic
  • Cheung KL et al. Online survey response rates meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2022. ScienceDirect
  • Reading Writing Hotline. Adult Literacy and Numeracy Needs in Australia (2023). Reading Writing Hotline
  • ABS. PIAAC Australia (literacy, numeracy profile). Australian Bureau of Statistics
  • Keding A et al.; related SWATs on SMS reminders and timing. J Clin Epidemiol; Trials. Effects vary by context. ScienceDirect
  • Pew Research Center. Text reminders can speed early completions in web panels. Pew Research Center
  • Tsoli S, Kassavou A, Sutton S. IVR behaviour-change review. BMJ Open. 2018. BMJ Open
  • Stacy JN et al. IVR improved statin adherence (RCT). Popul Health Manag. 2009. deepblue.lib.umich.edu
  • Diabetes Care RCT: brief telephone outreach improved adherence/metrics. Diabetes Journals
  • BLS/US Census CPS response-rate improvement plan; OSR UK report; Census Director blog: response rates falling system-wide. bls.gov

Methods

Perceptual Control Theory, applied

Most psychological approaches "work," even when they contradict each other. That is the Dodo Bird verdict: outcomes tie because the common factors are doing the heavy lifting. Echo doesn't buy the brand; it uses the mechanism. We're built on Perceptual Control Theory (PCT): people act to keep key perceptions where they want them. We detect when control is slipping and help restore it.

Why this matters: earlier warning, fewer incidents, lower churn, and changes that actually stick.

How Echo makes this personal and predictive

  • Listen, naturally: short phone or WhatsApp check-ins capture real signals without apps or homework.
  • Model, per person: across conversations, Echo infers each worker's control loops: what they're trying to keep steady, what's disturbing it, and where conflicts live.
  • Act, precisely: the worker gets private, targeted support; managers see only cohort-level risk and where to remove structural disturbances.
  • Verify and adapt: if control returns, sustain. If not, escalate to a simple structural change and re-check.
Perceptual Control Theory control loop diagram

Net effect: precision and personalisation you won't get from survey-first or CBT-styled tools, because we intervene at the control mechanism, not the output.